Sodium sulfide

Sodium sulfide - Names and Identifiers

Sodium sulfide - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular FormulaNa2S
Molar Mass78.0445Melting Point950℃Water Solubility186 g/L (20℃)Physical and Chemical Properties

density 1.86
melting point 950°C
water-soluble 186g/L (20°C)
light yellow flakes. The main feature is that the content of iron (Fe2O3) is below 30 mg/kg. See sodium sulfide for other properties.

UseUsed in the manufacture of dyes, sulfides, and used as ore flotation agent, hide depilatory agent, paper cooking agent

Sodium sulfide - Risk and Safety

Hazard SymbolsC - Corrosive

N - Dangerous for the environment

Risk CodesR31 - Contact with acids liberates toxic gas
R34 - Causes burns
R50 - Very Toxic to aquatic organisms
Safety DescriptionS26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. 
UN IDsUN 1385

Sodium sulfide - Upstream Downstream Industry

Sodium sulfide - Introduction

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sodium sulfide is an inorganic salt of the chemical formula Na2S, usually in the form of nonahydrate Na2S · 9H2O. Both anhydrate and nonhydrate are colorless, soluble solids that are strongly alkaline to hydrolysis in aqueous solution. When exposed in the air, sodium sulfide will emit poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas with the smell of bad eggs.

sodium sulfide is also known as alkali, soda, yellow alkali, alkali sulfide. Sodium sulfide is an inorganic compound, and pure sodium sulfide is a colorless crystalline powder. Strong moisture absorption, soluble in water. The aqueous solution showed a strong alkaline reaction. Burns can occur when touching the skin and hair. Therefore, sodium sulfide is commonly known as alkali sulfide. Aqueous sodium sulfide is slowly oxidized to sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate, and sodium polysulfide in air. Due to the rapid formation of sodium thiosulfate, the main product of oxidation is sodium thiosulfate. Sodium sulfide in the air deliquescence, and carbonation and deterioration, continue to release hydrogen sulfide gas. Industrial sodium sulfide contains impurities in its color is pink, brown red, yellow. Specific gravity, melting point and boiling point are also different due to the influence of impurities.

Last Update：2022-01-01 08:46:26

Sodium sulfide - Nature

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The anhydrous substance is a white crystal, easily deliquescent, and has a solubility in water (15. 4G/lOOmL water at 10 ° C. And 57. 2G/lOOmL water at 90 ° C.). When it reacts with acid, hydrogen sulfide is generated. Slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether. The aqueous solution is strongly alkaline, so it is also called sulfide alkali. Dissolved in sulfur generated sodium polysulfide. Industrial products often contain impurities for pink, brown red, yellow block. Corrosive, toxic. In the air oxidation of sodium thiosulfate.

Last Update：2022-01-01 11:03:53

Sodium sulfide - Physical and chemical properties

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physical properties

sodium sulfide, also known as alkali, sulfur fossil, sodium sulfide, stench soda. Pure product is colorless or beige granular Crystal, industrial product is red brown or brick red block, Flake, soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether, its aqueous solution is strong alkaline, easy to oxidize in air, toxic. Pure sodium sulfide, strong moisture absorption, soluble in water. The aqueous solution showed a strong alkaline reaction. Burns can occur when touching the skin and hair. Therefore, sodium sulfide is commonly known as alkali sulfide. Aqueous sodium sulfide is slowly oxidized to sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate, and sodium polysulfide in air. Due to the rapid formation of sodium thiosulfate, the main product of oxidation is sodium thiosulfate. Sodium sulfide in the air deliquescence, and carbonation and deterioration, continue to release hydrogen sulfide gas.

chemical properties

standard molar heat of formation & Delta;fHm & theta;(kJ · mol ^-1):-364.8, standard molar Gibbs free energy & Delta;fGm & theta;(kJ · mol ^-1):-349.8, standard entropy Sm & theta;(J · mol ^-1 · K ^-1): 83.7. Pure sodium sulfide is a colorless crystalline powder. Strong moisture absorption, soluble in water. The aqueous solution showed a strong alkaline reaction. Burns can occur when touching the skin and hair. Therefore, sodium sulfide is commonly known as alkali sulfide. Aqueous sodium sulfide slowly oxidizes sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate, and sodium polysulfide in air. Due to the rapid formation of sodium thiosulfate, the main product of oxidation is sodium thiosulfate. Sodium sulfide in the air deliquescence, and carbonation and deterioration, continue to release hydrogen sulfide gas. Industrial sodium sulfide contains impurities in its color is pink, brown red, yellow. The specific gravity and boiling point also vary depending on the influence of impurities.

Last Update：2022-01-01 08:46:26

Sodium sulfide - Preparation Method

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1. pulverized coal reduction method: the ratio of mirabilite and pulverized coal is 100:(21~22.5)(mass ratio) mixed with 800~1100 ℃ and calcined at high temperature, after cooling, the product is heat-dissolved into a liquid with dilute alkali solution, and after being clarified by standing, the upper concentrated alkali solution is concentrated to obtain solid sodium sulfide. The sodium sulfide product in the form of tablets (or granules) is prepared by converting the tank and producing tablets (or granulation).
2. absorption method: the waste gas containing H2 S> 380 hydrogen sulfide is absorbed with 85% ~ 420g/L sodium hydroxide solution, and the obtained product is evaporated and concentrated to obtain sodium sulfide product.
3. barium sulfide method: sodium sulfide can be obtained as a by-product when precipitated barium sulfate is prepared by the double decomposition reaction of sodium sulfate and barium sulfide.
4. gas reduction method: in the presence of iron catalyst, hydrogen (or carbon monoxide, producer gas, methane gas) is reacted with sodium sulfate in a fluidized bed furnace, high quality anhydrous granular sodium sulfide (containing Na2S 95% ~ 97%) can be prepared.

Last Update：2022-01-01 11:03:54

Sodium sulfide - Industrial processes act

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① sodium hydroxide absorption method

The purified gas containing hydrogen sulfide is absorbed by concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, and the reaction equation is:
H2S NaOH─→NaHS H2O
NaHS NaOH─→Na2S H2O
The reaction solution is concentrated, cooled, solidified or tableted, or spray granulated to produce products of different shapes. This method is more pure products, but also conducive to the treatment of three wastes.

② pulverized coal reduction method

sodium sulfate and pulverized coal are mixed in a rotary kiln at 800~1100 ℃ for reduction reaction, and the reaction formula is:
Na2SO4 4C─→Na2S 4CO
Na2SO4 4CO─→Na2S 4CO2
The product was prepared by water immersion, clarification, concentration, cooling and solidification. This method has a long history, mature process, simple operation, cheap raw materials, but the purity of the product is low. This law is widely used in China.

Last Update：2022-01-01 08:46:27

Sodium sulfide - Use

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used in the dye industry for the production of sulfur dyes, is the raw material of blue and blue sulfide. The dyeing and printing industry is used as a dye aid for dissolving sulfur dyes. In the leather industry, hydrolysis is used to depilate hides, and sodium polysulfide is also used to prepare sodium polysulfide to accelerate the soaking of dry skins and help softening. The paper industry is used as a cooking agent for paper. The textile industry is a mordant for the denitrification and nitration reduction of man-made fibers and for the dyeing of cotton fabrics. The pharmaceutical industry is used to produce antipyretic drugs such as phenacetin. In addition, it is also used to make sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, etc.

Last Update：2022-01-01 11:03:53

Sodium sulfide - Precautions

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1. invasive route: inhalation and ingestion.
2. Respiratory system protection: no special protection is generally required. Wear an anti-virus mask if necessary.
3. eye protection: safety mask can be used.
4. protective clothing: wear anti-corrosion work clothes.
5. hand protection: wear rubber gloves.
6. Skin Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. If there is a burn, medical treatment.
7. eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid and rinse with running water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes, or with 3% boric acid solution.
8. inhalation: leave the site to fresh air. Artificial respiration was performed if necessary.
9. ingestion: The patient was given milk or egg white by mistake. The patient visited the hospital immediately.
10. fire extinguishing method: fog water and sand.
11. others: after work, take a shower and change clothes. Pay attention to personal hygiene.
12. emergency treatment for leakage: Warning signs shall be provided around the leakage contaminated area on Isolation. Emergency personnel wear gas masks and chemical protective clothing. Do not come into direct contact with the leakage. Dust shall be avoided and collected in a dry, clean and capped container with a clean shovel and transported to the waste disposal site. It is also possible to rinse with a large volume of water, and the diluted wash liquor is placed into the wastewater system. Such as a large number of leakage, collection and recycling or harmless disposal after disposal.
13. wastewater treatment method: the wastewater caused by sulfide pollution is mainly alkaline wastewater, which can be neutralized. During the neutralization phase, a decrease in pH results in partial evolution of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere, and the use of heat generated by the neutralization reaction also increases the release rate of hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is released in large quantities in the air, which will pollute the air and disturb the people. Using chloride can also eliminate sulfide pollution, is one of the effective methods, but the amount of chlorine, high cost. In addition, iron or non-toxic iron salts (such as ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, etc.) are added to sulfide-contaminated wastewater, and activated ferric hydroxide is produced after 2 hours of aeration, the sulfide may be removed in the form of an iron sulfide precipitate. Sulfide pollution can also be serious waste water by flue gas neutralization, and then activated sludge treatment.
14. sulfides in water include soluble H2S, HS-, S2-, and soluble sulfides present in suspended solids, acid-soluble metal sulfides, and non-ionized inorganic and organic sulfides. The sulfide-containing water is mostly black and has an irritating odor, which is mainly due to the continuous release of H2S gas from the water. In the air, 8 μg/m3 of H2S can make people's sense of smell sensitive, and the threshold value of H2S in water is 0.035 μg/L. The sulfide in water is easy to be hydrolyzed and released into the air in the form of H2S, which is immediately absorbed by a large amount of Nausea Vomit, or even Dyspnea, suffocation, etc., resulting in a strong sense of toxicity. If the air reaches 15~30mg/m3, will lead to eye membrane inflammation, optic nerve damage. H2S in the air is inhaled by human for a long time, which can interact with human cytochrome, oxidase, human protein and disulfide bond (-S-S-) in amino acid, affect the oxidation process of cells, resulting in cell hypoxia, endanger human life. If the long-term drinking of water containing high sulfide, can cause taste retardation, loss of appetite, weight loss, poor hair growth, failure and death in severe cases.

Last Update：2022-01-01 08:46:28

Sodium sulfide - Safety

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block with a thickness of 0. 5mm or more of the iron drum packaging, iron drum should be sealed, each net weight 150kg, 200kg. Sheet-like and granular products shall be packed with plastic woven bags lined with two-layer polyethylene plastic bags. The inner bags shall be tightly heat-sealed, with a net weight of 50kg or 25kg per bag. The package should be marked with "drugs" and "corrosive substances. Belongs to the inorganic alkaline corrosion articles, risk code number: GB 8.2 class 82011 (containing crystal water is greater than or equal to 30%). UNNo.1849;IMDG CODE page 8227. Class 8.2 (anhydrous or water of crystallization ≤ 30%) GB 4.2 class 42009.
UN No.1385; IMDG CODE P. 4263, category 4.2. A ventilated, dry place or under an asbestos shed shall be placed. Rain and moisture should be prevented. This product is deliquescent, and easy to oxidize, the container must be sealed, can not be mixed with acid and corrosive goods storage. When loading and unloading should be light to prevent packaging damage. When there is a fire, it can be suppressed by water and sand. Sodium sulfide is highly corrosive to the skin, and the skin of the hands of the workers exposed to sodium sulfide solution is cracked and red. Attention should be paid during operation. Touch the skin, can be washed with water. Sodium sulfide droplets or small pieces into the eye immediately washed with water after 15min, sent to the hospital for treatment. To protect the skin, it is recommended to often wipe the hands with a weak solution of acetic acid, followed by an oily ointment. Pay attention to protect eyes.

Last Update：2022-01-01 11:03:55

Sodium sulfide - Safety and Risk

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risk

• health hazards: This product can decompose hydrogen sulfide in the gastrointestinal tract, and can cause hydrogen sulfide poisoning after oral administration. Has a corrosive effect on the skin and eyes. [2]
• Environmental hazards: hazards to the environment.
• explosion hazard: This product is flammable, strong corrosive, irritating, can cause human body burns.

first aid measures

• Skin Contact: remove contaminated clothing immediately and rinse with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes. The patient visited hospital.
• eye contact: lift the eyelid immediately and rinse thoroughly with plenty of running water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes. The patient visited hospital.
• inhalation: rapid departure from the site to a place with fresh air. Keep airway unobstructed. Such as Dyspnea, to the delivery of oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. The patient visited hospital.
• ingestion: gargle with water and drink milk or egg white. The patient visited hospital.

fire fighting measures

• hazard characteristics: the anhydrous substance is a spontaneous combustion article, and its dust is easy to self-ignition in the air. In case of acid decomposition, release highly toxic flammable gas. The powder and air can form an explosive mixture. Its aqueous solution is corrosive and highly irritating. Evaporation begins at 100 °c and the vapor can attack the glass.
• harmful combustion products: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxide.
• fire extinguishing method: Water, water mist, Sand fire.

leakage treatment

• emergency treatment: Isolation leakage of contaminated area, restricted access. Emergency personnel are advised to wear dust masks (full face mask) and acid and alkali protective work clothes. Access to the scene from upwind.
• small amount of leakage: avoid dust and collect in a dry, clean, capped container with a clean shovel. Can also be washed with a large amount of water, washing water diluted into the wastewater system.
• large leakage: collection and recovery or transport to waste disposal sites for disposal.

disposal and storage

• precautions for operation: closed operation. Operators must be specially trained and strictly follow the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter dust masks, chemical safety glasses, rubber acid and alkali-resistant clothing and rubber acid and alkali-resistant gloves. Stay away from fire and heat source. No smoking is allowed in the workplace. The use of explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Dust should be avoided. Avoid contact with oxidants and acids. Handling should be light and light unloading, to prevent packaging and container damage. Fire fighting equipment and emergency treatment equipment for leakage shall be provided with corresponding varieties and quantities. Harmful substances may remain in the empty container.
• precautions for storage: Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. The humidity in the library is preferably not more than 85%. The packaging is sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants and acids, and mixed storage should not be avoided. Should not be stored for a long time to avoid deterioration. With the corresponding varieties and quantity of fire fighting equipment. The storage area shall be provided with suitable materials for containment of the leakage.

Last Update：2022-01-01 08:46:28

Sodium sulfide - Main use

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used in the manufacture of sulfur dyes, leather hair removal agents, metal smelting, photography, Rayon denitration, etc. Widely used in leather, battery manufacturing, water treatment, paper making, mineral processing, dye production, organic intermediates, printing and dyeing, pharmaceutical, monosodium glutamate, man-made fiber, special engineering plastics, polyphenylene sulfide, polyalkali rubber, it is also used to make sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, sodium thiosulfate, etc., and has certain uses in military industry.

It is used as an analytical reagent and is often used as a precipitant for metal ions such as cadmium. It is also used for photography, mineral flotation, Metal Treatment, zinc and cadmium electroplating. Used in the manufacture of dyes, sulfides, and used as ore flotation agent, hide depilatory agent, paper cooking agent.

(1) in the dye industry for the manufacture of sulfur dyes, sulfide Blue, sulfide blue or dye intermediate reducing agent, mordant, etc.
(2) it is used as a flotation agent for ores in the nonferrous metallurgical industry.
③Depilatory agent of hides in leather industry.
(4) the cooking agent of paper in the paper industry.
(5) sodium sulfide is also used in the manufacture of sodium thiosulfate, sodium polysulfide, sodium hydrosulfide and other products.
6 is also widely used in textile, pigment, rubber and other industrial sectors.

Last Update：2022-01-01 08:46:29

Sodium sulfide - Transport information

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1. packaging method: into the steel drum of 0.5 thick, the net weight of each barrel is not more than 100; Threaded mouth glass bottle, iron cover pressure mouth glass bottle, plastic bottle or metal barrel (CAN) outside ordinary wooden boxes; Threaded mouth glass bottles, plastic bottles or tin-plated steel barrels (CANs) outside the full floor of the flower box, fiber box or glue board box; Tin-plated steel barrels (cans), metal barrels (cans), plastic bottle or metal hose outer corrugated carton.
2. transport considerations: when transporting by rail, steel drum packages can be transported by gondola. Railway transport should be strictly in accordance with the Ministry of Railways "dangerous goods transport rules" in the dangerous goods installation table. The packaging should be complete and the loading should be safe. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or damage. Mixing with oxidants, acids and edible chemicals is strictly prohibited. The transport vehicle shall be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment.

Last Update：2022-01-01 08:46:30

Sodium sulfide - Supplementary Information

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preparation of polyarylene sulfide with industrial sodium sulfide and Polyhalogenated aromatic compounds as raw materials, the use of multi-component composite catalysts or additives, high boiling point polar organic solvents (such as hexaphosphamide) in the stage of atmospheric polycondensation, linear high molecular weight polyarylene sulfide was prepared. The reaction conversion is high, the product is white granular, and has excellent mechanical properties, thermal properties and thermal stability. Higher molecular weight branched or cross-linked polyarylene sulfide can be prepared by adding a certain amount of cross-linking agent. toxicity see sodium sulfide. toxicity sodium sulfide is highly corrosive to the skin, and the skin of the hands of the workers exposed to sodium sulfide solution is cracked and red. Attention should be paid during operation. Touch the skin, can be washed with water. Sodium sulfide droplets or small pieces into the eye immediately washed with water after 15 min, sent to the hospital for treatment. To protect the skin, it is recommended to often wipe the hands with a weak solution of acetic acid, followed by an oily ointment. Pay attention to protect eyes. chemical properties light yellow Flake. The main feature is that the content of iron (Fe2O3) is below 30 mg/kg. See sodium sulfide for other properties. purpose for the production of advanced sulfur dyes, high quality leather. It can be used for the production of high-grade paper in the paper industry. purpose used in the dye industry for the production of sulfur dyes, is the raw material of blue and blue sulfide. The dyeing and printing industry is used as a dye aid for dissolving sulfur dyes. In the leather industry, hydrolysis is used to depilate hides, and sodium polysulfide is also used to prepare sodium polysulfide to accelerate the soaking of dry skins and help softening. The paper industry is used as a cooking agent for paper. The textile industry is a mordant for the denitrification and nitration reduction of man-made fibers and for the dyeing of cotton fabrics. The pharmaceutical industry is used to produce antipyretic drugs such as phenacetin. In addition, it is also used to make sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, etc. purpose used as analytical reagent and leather depilatory agent purpose used in the manufacture of dyes, sulfides, and used as ore flotation agent, hide depilatory agent, paper cooking agent, etc. production method pulverized coal reduction method the ratio of mirabilite and pulverized coal is 100:(21~22.5)(weight ratio) mixed in 800~900 ℃ high temperature calcination reduction, after cooling, the product is heat-dissolved into a liquid with dilute alkali solution, and after being clarified by standing, the upper concentrated alkali solution is concentrated to obtain solid sodium sulfide. The sodium sulfide product in the form of tablets (or granules) is prepared by converting the tank and producing tablets (or granulation). Its
Na2SO4 2C→Na2S 2CO2
Absorption method with 380~420g/L sodium hydroxide solution absorption containing H2S>85% hydrogen sulfide waste gas,-the resulting product is concentrated by evaporation, prepared sodium sulfide product. Its
H2S 2NaOH→Na2S 2H2O
Sodium sulfide can be obtained as a by-product when barium sulfate is precipitated by the double decomposition reaction of sodium sulfate and barium sulfide. Its
BaS Na2SO4→Na2S BaSO4↓
Gas reduction method in the presence of iron catalyst, hydrogen (or carbon monoxide, producer gas, methane gas) in a fluidized bed furnace reaction with sodium sulfate, high quality anhydrous granular sodium sulfide (containing Na2S 95% ~ 97%) can be prepared. Its
Na2SO4 4CO→Na2S 4CO2
Na2SO4 4H2→Na2S 4H2O production method The refining method takes the sodium sulfide solution with a concentration of about 4% in the process of producing precipitated barium sulfate as the raw material, and uses the pump to pump the double-effect evaporator to concentrate to 23%, and then enters the stirring tank to remove iron, after the treatment of carbon removal, the alkali solution is evaporated to reach a concentration by a pump-driven evaporator (made of pure nickel material), and sent to a cooling type machine made of drum water, and then screened and packaged to obtain a finished product.
Reduction of sodium sulfate by pulverized coal is a traditional production method of sodium sulfide. In the process of processing, the equipment, material and iron removal process are improved to make the product reach the standard. category corrosive article toxicity classification high toxicity Acute toxicity oral-rat LD50: 208 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 205 mg/kg explosive hazard characteristics impact, high heat can burst flammability hazard characteristics toxic hydrogen sulfide gas in case of acid; Anhydrous sulfide alkali is flammable; Toxic sulfur oxide smoke emitted by heating storage and transportation characteristics The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from oxidants and acids. extinguishing agent water and sand

Last Update：2022-01-01 08:46:32