Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), an odorless, white monoclinic crystal, is a potent alkaline material in various industrial processes. Due to its classification as a deleterious substance under regulatory laws, handling it requires strict safety measures.
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Applications of sodium hydroxide span diverse sectors:
It's crucial in soap making for its saponifying effect and is used in kitchen detergents for oil removal.
NaOH treats wood and plant fibers for pulp production and paper smoothing. It also processes cotton and hemp for enhanced flexibility and luster in textiles.
As a raw material, it facilitates ester hydrolysis, alkaline oxidation, and aromatic compound hydroxylation. It's also employed in the electronics sector for silicon wafer etching and surface modification.
Additionally, NaOH finds use in food additives, dye production, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, as an analytical reagent, desiccant, and carbon dioxide absorbent.
Sodium hydroxide, or caustic soda, is highly soluble in water, generating significant heat upon dissolution. It's deliquescent, absorbing atmospheric moisture, and dissolves in ethanol and glycerin but not in ether or acetone. Its strong alkalinity can dissolve skin proteins upon contact, emphasizing the need for careful handling and storage in dry, airtight containers.
Sodium hydroxide is industrially produced by electrolysis of brine. Other production methods are also described below.
1. Electrolysis of Brine
Brine electrolysis is the most common method of sodium hydroxide production using electrolysis and ion exchange membranes. In this method, brine (NaCl) is electrolyzed to produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and chlorine (Cl2).
2. Treatment of Salt With Calcium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 + 2NaCl → 2NaOH + CaCl2
In this method, sodium hydroxide is produced by the reaction of calcium hydroxide and sodium chloride.
3. Ammonia Treatment of Sodium Hydroxide
2NH3 + 2NaCl + H2O → 2NaOH + 2NH4Cl
In this method, ammonia (NH3) reacts with brine (NaC) to produce sodium hydroxide.
4. Complex Decomposition Reaction of Calcium Hydroxide (Slaked Lime) and Sodium Carbonate
Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 → 2NaOH + CaCO3
Sodium hydroxide can also be obtained by mixing a solution of calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
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Each production method may require subsequent refining for purity.
Distributor of pure sodium hydroxide (LYE) for creation of soap, detergent, paper, textiles, and drinking water. Offered in solid form. Also used for cleaning, de-clogging drains, dissolving metals, and de-greasing stainless steel ware.
Distributor of specialty chemicals for the metallurgy, textile, agriculture, food and beverage, water treatment, energy, and ceramics industries. Aluminum or calcium oxides, compounds, sugars, salts, stabilizers, flame retardants, resins, and polymers are offered. Titanium dioxide, sodium chloride, potassium perchlorate, methanol, fructose, glucose, and butyl acetate are provided. Soucing services are also available.
Manufacturer of hygroscopic sodium hydroxide. Available in beads and pellets. Sodium hydroxide beads comes in 99% purity. Serves the aerospace, agriculture, automotive, cosmetics, nuclear, oil, gas and pharmaceutical industries. Meets Mil-Spec. NSF approved. UL listed.
Distributor of odorless, colorless, and transparent sodium hydroxide for the cosmetics, agriculture, adhesive, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, biotech, textile, and water treatment industries. Available in solid and liquid forms and offered in bag packaging option. Can be used as a pH adjuster in water treatment, chemical neutralization, and refining petroleum products, and etching and cleaning agent in degreaser.
Distributor of liquid, bead and flake sodium hydroxide in liquid and powder formulations. Available in 50 lb. bag and 5, 15 or 55 gal. drum packaging sizes. Markets served include industrial, medical, pharmaceutical, agriculture, bio-augmentation, food processing, mining, military, marine, power generation, research, textile, robotics and wastewater treatment. Tote, minibulk and bulk container packaging options are available.
Distributor of sodium hydroxide for animal nutrition, drilling fluids, water treatment, metal cleaning, oil production, and process chemicals. Available in pellet forms. Properties include degrees C boiling point at 1,013 hpa, 318 degrees C melting point, and 2.13 g/cu. cm density at 20 degrees C. Used as catalysts, plasticizers, pH adjusters, bleaching agents, and solvents. Warehousing or storage, chemical blending, packaging, supply chain, and logistic services provided. Serves the agriculture, pulp and paper, personal care, pharmaceutical, chemical manufacturing, oil, gas, and water treatment industries.
Distributor of sodium hydroxide, liquid and dry; 50% solution and all dilutions and all package sizes & minibulk delivery and in dry form both prill/beads and flake in 50#/55# bags and 400#/500# drums and in manufactured dry products various formulations. Manufacturer of industrial cleaning compounds. USDA authorized products available. Private label, formulation and custom delivery services offered. Distributor of all commodity industrial chemicals, manufacturer of chemicals for use in laundries, water treatment (drinking water, waste water), swimming pools, refineries, chemical companies, food processing and handling, restaurants, & auto detailing. Offers NSF water treating chemicals. All ice melting salts.
Distributor of chemicals for specialty, commodity and raw material chemical markets. Materials include organic and inorganic chemicals with compound form of carbons, chlorine, chlorides, citrates, butyl, ethers, ethane, sulfur, nitrates, nitrites, magnesium, oxides and phosphates. Chemicals with compounds of methane, potassium, sodium, hydrogen, acetates, glycols, propane, xylene, heptane and sodium are also offered. Cyclohexylamine, mineral spirits, triazine, urea, toluene with other types of oils, alcohol, antifreeze, salts, acids and aromatics are available.
Distributor of alkalies including sodium hydroxide. Private label services are also provided. Suitable for water or chemical treatment, contaminant remediation, equipment cleaning, and cotton mercerization applications. Serves pulp or paper, beverage, chemical, food, and textile industries. FDA and USDA approved. Kosher certified. JIT delivery.
Manufacturer of chemicals for commercial applications. Chemicals include antimony trioxide, woody cyclohexanone, thioanisole, magnesium oxide, benzyl chloride, citric acid, and aluminum chlorohydrate. Ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, titanium dioxide, dibutyl ether, and erythritol are offered. Contract manufacturing and formulation services are also provided. Serves the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, fragrance, beauty, and personal care industries. FDA approved.
Manufacturer of sodium hydroxide in flake and pellet forms. Available in 1 to 55 lbs. packaging. Suitable for chemical manufacturing, textile processing, etching, and electroplating applications. Offers wholesale and retail options for manufacturers, researchers, schools, hobbyists, students, and professionals. Provides 2 to 15 business day shipping period. Available with 60-day limited warranty.