Red Iron Oxide is an inorganic pigment that is commonly used in a variety of applications. Its purpose is to provide a rich red color to products such as paint, plastics, and ceramics. Ferric Oxide is the chemical name for this pigment, and it is made up of iron and oxygen atoms. This pigment is known for its excellent lightfastness and weather resistance, making it a popular choice for outdoor products. Additionally, Red Iron Oxide has a long history of use in traditional medicine and is believed to have healing properties.
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Iron oxide red is a generic name of a ferric oxide pigment of reddish colors. Multiple shades based on both anhydrous Fe
2O
3 and its hydrates were known to painters since prehistory. The pigments were originally obtained from natural sources, since the 20th century they are mostly synthetic. These substances form one of the most commercially important groups of pigments, and their names sometimes reflect the location of a natural source, later transferred to the synthetic analog. Well-known examples include the Persian Gulf Oxide with 75% Fe
2O
3 and 25% silica, Spanish red with 85% of oxide, Tuscan red. Other shades of iron oxides include Venetian Red, English Red, and Kobe.
The anhydrous pigment has a dark purple-red or maroon color, hydrates' colors vary from dull yellow (yellow ochre) to warm red.
The iron oxide red is extremely stable: it is not affected by light and most chemicals (soluble in hot concentrated acids); heat only affects the hydrated variants (the water is removed, and the color darkens).
Indian red is a pigment, a variety of ocher, which gets its colour from ferric oxide, used to be sourced in India,[2] now made artificially. ⁸
Chestnut is a colour similar to but separate and distinct from Indian red.[citation needed]
The name Indian red derives from this pigment being originally imported from India, where red laterite soil is found, composed of naturally occurring iron oxides.[citation needed] The first recorded use of Indian red as a color term in English was in .[4]
Deep Indian red is the colour originally called Indian red from its formulation in until , but now called chestnut, in Crayola crayons. This colour was also produced in a special limited edition in which it was called Vermont maple syrup.
At the request of educators worried that children (mistakenly; see Etymology) believed the name represented the skin color of Native Americans, Crayola changed the name of their crayon color Indian Red to Chestnut in .[5]
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At right is displayed the colour Venetian red.
Venetian red is a light and warm (somewhat unsaturated) pigment that is a darker shade of scarlet, derived from nearly pure ferric oxide (Fe2O3) of the hematite type. Modern versions are frequently made with synthetic red iron oxide.
The first recorded use of Venetian red as a colour name in English was in .[8]
At right is displayed the colour English red.
This red is a tone of Indian red, made like Indian red with pigment made from iron oxide.
The first recorded use of English red as a color name in English was in the s (exact year uncertain).[10] In the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot in , alternate names for Indian red included "what one also calls, however improperly, English Red."[11]
At right is displayed color kobe.
The color kobe is a dark tone of Indian red, made like Indian red from iron oxide pigment.
The first recorded use of Kobe as a colour name in English was in .[13]
The normalized colour coordinates for Kobe are identical to sienna, first recorded as a color name in English in .[14]
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