For 100% natural fibers. Use 2-5% by weight of fabric. Results may vary depending on type of fabric.
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Stove Top Instructions:
1. Fill a stainless steel or enamel pot with enough warm water for the fabric to move freely. Turn heat on medium.
2. Add Optical Brightener to water and stir until fully dissolved.
3. Add pre-wetted fabric and raise temperature to 180ºF / 80ºC
4. For cotton, linen and rayon dissolve 1 cup/237 ml of salt in a little hot water and add to dye bath. For silk and wool add ¹/3 cup/ 78 ml of white vinegar instead of salt. Avoid pouring directly onto fabric.
5. Maintain temperature and stir frequently for ½ hour.
6. Turn off heat and allow the dye bath to return to room temperature – stirring occasionally. Rinse when cool enough to handle – wear gloves as residual dye can stain skin.
7. Wash the fabric with a mild detergent in cool water and dry.
WASHING MACHINE Instructions:
1. Add Optical Brighter into washer with fabric and set to the longest, hottest, cycle. For cotton, linen and rayon, add 1 cup / 273g salt. For silk, add 1/3 cup / 78 ml of white vinegar.
2. Allow the cycle to complete and then wash in cold water using mild detergent.
Important Note: Some cycles begin with pre-wash flush; turn this function off or turn off the spin function to avoid premature draining of dye bath. Some washers may hold water in the outer tube at the end of a cycle; run a short wash/rinse cycle with a normal detergent after. .dyeing to wash away any residual Optic Brightener.
TIE DYE Instructions:
1. Thoroughly dissolve 1 cup Soda Ash per gallon of water. Soak fabric in the soda ash solution for at least 20 minutes. Then, wring out by hand.
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2. Fold and tie fabric. Visit Jacquard’s website for pattern ideas.
3. Fold and tie fabric. Visit Jacquard’s website for pattern ideas.
4. In 1 cup of tap water, mix 2 or more teaspoons of Optical Brightener. Apply the dye to the fabric using a squirt bottle, paint brush or sponge. Turn the piece over and repeat the pattern on the opposite side.
5. Cover fabric with plastic wrap and let stand for 12 to 24 hours in a warm place.
6. For rinsing: While wearing gloves, rinse the dyed fabric first with cool water, then with increasingly warmer water. After 3 or 4 rinses, when the water is nearly clear, prepare a soap soak. Use 2 to 3 gallons of very warm tap water and 1½ teaspoons of Synthrapol®. The fabric should sit in this soap bath for 5 to 10 minutes. Rinse 3 or 4 additional times with warm water, or run a hot wash cycle in the machine.
Optical brighteners, optical brightening agents (OBAs), fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs), or fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), are chemical compounds that absorb light in the ultraviolet and violet region (usually 340-370 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum, and re-emit light in the blue region (typically 420-470 nm) through the phenomenon of fluorescence. These additives are often used to enhance the appearance of color of fabric and paper, causing a "whitening" effect; they make intrinsically yellow/orange materials look less so, by compensating the deficit in blue and purple light reflected by the material, with the blue and purple optical emission of the fluorophore.[1]
The most common classes of compounds with this property are the stilbenes, e.g., 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid. Older, non-commercial fluorescent compounds include umbelliferone, which absorbs in the UV portion of the spectrum and re-emit it in the blue portion of the visible spectrum. A white surface treated with an optical brightener can emit more visible light than that which shines on it, making it appear brighter. The blue light emitted by the brightener compensates for the diminishing blue of the treated material and changes the hue away from yellow or brown and toward white.[2]
Approximately 400 brightener types are listed in the international Colour Index database,[4] but fewer than 90 are produced commercially, and only a handful are commercially important. The Colour Index Generic Names and Constitution Numbers can be assigned to a specific substance. However, some are duplicated, since manufacturers apply for the index number when they produce it. The global OBA production for paper, textiles, and detergents is dominated by just a few di- and tetra-sulfonated triazole-stilbenes and a di-sulfonated stilbene-biphenyl derivatives. The stilbene derivatives are subject to fading upon prolonged exposure to UV, due to the formation of optically inactive cis-stilbenes. They are also degraded by oxygen in air, like most dye colorants. All brighteners have extended conjugation and/or aromaticity, allowing for electron movement. Some non-stilbene brighteners are used in more permanent applications such as whitening synthetic fiber.
Brighteners can be "boosted" by the addition of certain polyols, such as high molecular weight polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol. These additives increase the visible blue light emissions significantly. Brighteners can also be "quenched". Excess brightener will often cause a greening effect as emissions start to show above the blue region in the visible spectrum.
Brighteners are commonly added to laundry detergents to make the clothes appear cleaner. Normally cleaned laundry appears yellowish, which consumers do not like.[2] Optical brighteners have replaced bluing which was formerly used to produce the same effect.
Brighteners are used in many papers, especially high brightness papers, resulting in their strongly fluorescent appearance under UV illumination. Paper brightness is typically measured at 457 nm, well within the fluorescent activity range of brighteners.[5] Paper used for banknotes does not contain optical brighteners, so a common method for detecting counterfeit notes is to check for fluorescence.
Optical brighteners have also found use in cosmetics. One application is to formulas for washing and conditioning grey or blonde hair, where the brightener can not only increase the luminance and sparkle of the hair, but can also correct dull, yellowish discoloration without darkening the hair. Some advanced face and eye powders contain optical brightener microspheres that brighten shadowed or dark areas of the skin, such as "tired eyes".
End uses of optical brighteners include:
From around to , chemical brighteners were used by many Chinese farmers to enhance the appearance of their white mushrooms. This illegal use was mostly eliminated by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture.[6]