Calcium formate for all animal species - EFSA - European Union
This opinion concerns the re-evaluation of calcium formate for use as a preservative in feed for all animal species and categories. Calcium formate is currently authorised for use as a preservative in feed for all animal species, but is not authorised as a food additive in the EU. Considering the results of the tolerance studies with chickens for fattening and cattle for fattening, and other published studies, no adverse effects on target animals safety are anticipated when calcium formate is used at the maximum proposed dose in feed for pigs, poultry, fish and ruminants (15 000 mg calcium formate/kg complete feed, equivalent to 10 000 mg formic acid/kg complete feed). However, no margin of safety can be established. This conclusion can be extrapolated to other animal species provided the maximum dose applied does not exceed 15 000 mg calcium formate/kg complete feed. The contribution of calcium formate to the calcium supply of animals should be considered when formulating diets. Considering that the turnover of formate is rapid, with no evidence of accumulation in body tissues, neither calcium nor formate concentrations will increase in the edible tissues of animals maintained on feed with calcium formate added and, therefore, the use of calcium formate as a feed additive in all animal species is considered safe for the consumer. Calcium formate is non-irritant to skin but causes severe adverse effects in eyes. It is likely that handling the additive could result in skin reactions and in the production of respirable dust that could present a risk to unprotected workers. The use of calcium formate in animal nutrition is safe for the environment. Data submitted do not provide convincing evidence of the efficacy of the additive when used as a preservative for compound feed or feed materials.
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Dry distillation of calcium formate and calcium acetate mainly gives ...
Hint: we should know that dry distillation is the process of heating solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids).
Complete step by step answer:
When we heat the mixture of calcium formate and the calcium acetate it gives acetaldehyde.
\[Ca{{(OCOC{{H}_{3}})}_{2}}+Ca{{(OCOH)}_{2}}\to 2C{{H}_{3}}CHO+2CaC{{O}_{3}}\]
As shown in the above reaction it gives acetaldehyde as the main product.
Calcium acetate on dry distillation gives Acetone.
Calcium formate on dry distillation gives Formaldehyde.
A mixture of calcium formate and calcium acetate on dry distillation gives Acetaldehyde
Additional information:
We should know that calcium acetate is a chemical compound which is a calcium salt of acetic acid. We can prepare calcium acetate can be prepared by soaking calcium carbonate (found in eggshells, or in common carbonate rocks such as limestone or marble) or hydrated lime in vinegar. Calcium acetate is used as a food additive, as a stabilizer, buffer and sequestrant.
Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid. We also know that calcium formate is stable at room temperature, is inflammable and forms orthorhombic crystals. The mineral form is very rare and called formicaite, and is known from a few boron deposits. Calcium formate is used as a masking agent in the chrome tanning of leather. Calcium formate in tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient leather penetration of the chrome. Calcium formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
Note:
We should know that acetaldehyde is a flammable, colourless liquid with a pungent, fruity odour. Green plants produce it as they break down their food, and it is also found naturally in ripe fruit, coffee, and bread. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and other aldehydes are produced when alcohols are oxidised. At high concentrations in an enclosed space, formaldehyde can be a significant respiratory irritant causing nose bleeds, respiratory distress, lung disease, and persistent headaches. Acetaldehyde, which is produced in the body by alcohol drinkers and found in the mouths of smokers and those with poor oral hygiene, is carcinogenic and mutagenic.